ETEA 2022 TEST WITH EXPLANATION (ATTEMPT ONLINE) – Wisegot

Prussian blue is a dark blue pigment that has the chemical formula Fe₄[Fe(CN)₆]₃. It is formed from the combination of ferric ions (Fe³⁺) and hexacyanoferrate(II) ions [Fe(CN)₆]⁴⁻.

Option A, Ferric hexacyanoferrate(II), refers to the compound Fe[Fe(CN)₆]₂, which contains both ferric ions (Fe³⁺) and hexacyanoferrate(II) ions [Fe(CN)₆]⁴⁻. This is another way of representing Prussian blue.

Option B, Iron (III) hexacyanoferrate(II), refers to the compound Fe₄[Fe(CN)₆]₃, which is also Prussian blue, containing ferric ions (Fe³⁺) and hexacyanoferrate(II) ions [Fe(CN)₆]⁴⁻.

EXPLANATION:

The solubility product (Ksp) is a measure of the maximum amount of a sparingly soluble salt that can dissolve in water at a specific temperature. When the Ksp value is large, it indicates that the equilibrium position favors the dissolution of the salt. In other words, a higher Ksp value suggests that more ions are present in the solution due to greater dissolution, making the salt more soluble.

It can be seen from the electronic configuration that, Al have one unpaired electron in p orbital and Mg have two paired electron in s-orbitals, hence IE of Al is low.

EXPLANATION:

Buffer capacity is maximized when both components (weak acid and its conjugate base or weak base and its conjugate acid) are present in the buffer solution at high and equal concentrations. This ensures a balanced equilibrium between the acidic and basic forms, allowing the buffer to efficiently neutralize added acid or base without significant changes in pH.

The second ionization energy is defined as the energy needed to remove an electron from one mole of $1+$ ions in the gaseous state to form one mole of $2+$ ions in the gaseous state.

Down the group, the ionization energies decrease with increase in atomic radii.

Order of ionization energies in IA group ——->  Li > Na > K > Rb > Cs > Fr

Ionization energy increases with increase in the effective nuclear charge.

Ionization energy decreases with increase in screening power of inner electrons.

The order of screening power of electrons present in different types of orbitals is: s > p > d > f .

Greater the penetration power, greater will be the ionization energy. 

The order of penetration power of electrons in different orbitals is as follows. 

s > p > d > f

Atoms with stable electronic configurations like: ns² np⁶ or half filled or completely filled sub shells are extra stable. Removal of electrons from them is difficult and hence their ionization energies are comparatively high. 

These configurations are more symmetric and the exchange energy is minimal. Hence they are relatively more stable.

E.g. Noble gases with ns² np⁶ ; IIA group elements with ns² (completely filled); and VA group elements with ns² np³ (half filled) configurations have higher ionization potentials.

EXPLANATION:

The acidity of a compound depends on its ability to donate a proton (H+ ion). In the case of phenol, it contains a hydroxyl group (OH) attached to an aromatic ring. The aromatic ring’s electron-withdrawing effect stabilizes the phenoxide ion formed after losing a proton, making the deprotonation process more favorable. This stabilization enhances the acidity of phenol.

EXPLANATION:

In the SN1 mechanism, carboanions are not involved. The reaction proceeds through a unimolecular step, where the rate-determining formation of a carbocation intermediate occurs. Factors like the nature of the solvent, which can stabilize the carbocation, and the nature of the nucleophile influence the reaction rate

EXPLANATION:

the boiling point of an alkyl halide depends on its molecular weight, as well as the strength and type of intermolecular forces present in the molecule. Among these alkyl halides, n-butyl iodide has the highest boiling point. It has the largest molecular weight (C4H9I), and as it is a straight-chain alkyl halide, it can have stronger London dispersion forces between its molecules compared to branched isomers.

EXPLANATION:

SN1 mechanism is generally followed by tertiary alkyl halides.The right answer here is (C) 2-Chloro-2-Methylpropane because the chloro is on the second carbon and there’s also a methyl group on that second carbon so that’s what we call a tert butyl group in the kind of common nomenclature. It’s a classic substrate for SN1.

 

 

EXPLANATION:

The electrophile is the “nitronium ion” or the “nitryl cation”, NO+2. This is formed by reaction between the nitric acid and the sulphuric acid.

EXPLANATION:

reference topic hydration of alkynes

EXPLANATION:

the boiling point of cycloalkanes show gradual increase with the increase in the molecular mass

EXPLANATION:

Isomers are different chemical compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements or spatial orientations of their atoms.

EXPLANATION:

Potassium cyanate is an inorganic compound with the formula KOCN . It is a colourless solid. It is used to prepare many other compounds including useful herbicide. Potassium cyanate can be prepared by reacting urea with alkali hydroxide or carbonates at high temperatures.

EXPLANATION:

electronic configuration of given compounds are as under

Cu+2:[Ar]3d9.

Ni+2: [Ar] 3d8

Fe2+:[Ar]3d6

Mn+2:[Ar]3d⁵

Copper (II) ions have a partially filled d-orbital with nine electrons, and this electronic configuration allows for strong ligand interactions due to the presence of unpaired electrons, leading to stable complex formation.

 

The stronger the reduction potential, the more difficult is oxidation – example is fluorine. It is difficult to oxidize fluorine. The weaker the reduction potential, the easier is oxidation- example is lithium

EXPLANATION:

Ice is a polar molecular solid composed of water molecules (H2O). The polarity of water molecules results in strong intermolecular forces known as hydrogen bonds, which hold the ice lattice together.

 

EXPLANATION;

lattice energy of the compounds are given as under

NaF= 904 kJ/mol

LiCl= 865 kJ/mol

NaI= -686 kJ/mol

KI= 632 kJ/mol

so option a is correct

EXPLANATION:

A pressure cooker reduces cooking time by increasing the boiling point of water due to the elevated pressure inside. With higher pressure, the boiling point of water rises beyond the standard 100°C (212°F), allowing food to cook at a higher temperature. This results in faster cooking

EXPLANATION:

 

the boiling points of the compounds are as follows:

• Water (H2O) = 100°C
• Ethanol (C2H5OH) = 78.37°C
• Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) = -60.7°C
• Acetic acid (CH3COOH) = 118.1°C

As we can see, hydrogen sulfide has the lowest boiling point of -60.7°C, making it the compound with the lowest boiling point

EXPLANATION:

The exceptionally low acidic strength of HF is attributed to the strong hydrogen bonding between hydrogen and fluorine atoms. The strong hydrogen bond hinders the easy dissociation of HF into H+ and F- ions, resulting in a weak acid. 

 

EXPLANATION:

CO2 shows marked deviation from ideal gas behavior at certain temperatures and pressures due to its molecular size and shape (linear structure), which prevents close approximation to ideal gas assumptions. Additionally, weak intermolecular forces, such as dipole-dipole interactions, become significant at high pressures, causing CO2 molecules to attract each other. These factors lead to deviations in the compression factor (Z) from 1, indicating non-ideal behavior of CO2 as compared to an ideal gas

 

Explanation:

–Ionization energy is higher for those atoms which have stable electronic configuration i.e. fully and half-filled electronic configuration.

EXPLANATION:

n BeCl2, beryllium (Be) is the central atom with the electronic configuration of 1s^2 2s^2. It forms two sigma (σ) bonds with two chlorine (Cl) atoms. Each chlorine atom contributes one unpaired electron from its 3p orbital to overlap with one of the two half-filled 2p orbitals of beryllium. This results in two sigma bonds, and the hybridization of beryllium in BeCl2 is sp.

EXPLANATION:

 

The energy of a photon is directly proportional to its frequency and inversely proportional to its wavelength. The relationship between energy (E), frequency (ν), and wavelength (λ) of a photon is described by the equation:

E = h * ν = h * (c / λ)

if the wavelength (λ) of a photon increases, its frequency (ν) decreases, and consequently, its energy (E) decreases.

EXPLANATION:

The given molecular mass of the compound is 60, and its empirical formula is CH2O. To determine the molecular formula, we assume it to be (CH2O)n, where “n” is the number of repeating units. Dividing the molecular mass (60 g/mol) by the molar mass of the empirical formula CH2O (30 g/mol) yields “n” as approximately 2. Rounded to the nearest whole number, “n” is 2. Thus, the molecular formula is (CH2O)2, which simplifies to C2H4O2. This means the compound contains two sets of the CH2O empirical formula, resulting in C2H4O2 as its molecular formula.

EXPLANATION:

in order to find which one contain same number of molecules first find no. of moles

as number of moles= mass in grams/ molar mass

nCO2= 0.5

so

nH2O= 0.5 moles

nH2= 1 mol

nO2=2 moles

nCl2= 2 moles

so number of moles of H2O= number of moles of CO2

so H2O will have same  number of molecules as 22 grams of CO2

From the passage, it is mentioned that Lycopene is responsible for tomatoes and tomato products’ ability to prevent certain cancers. It is a vivid red pigment found in tomatoes and other red fruits. Processed tomatoes, such as tomato paste, contain more Lycopene than fresh tomatoes, and oil helps in the absorption of Lycopene because it is fat-soluble.

The passage implies that there is a link between Lycopene intake and the prevention of certain cancer types, making option D the correct choice.

Jargon means “ SPECIAL WORDS OR EXPRESSION USED BY A PROFESSION OR GROUP THAT ARE DIFFICULT TO UNDERSTAND FOR OTHERS”.

Option B is out of paragraph explanation so it will be the correct option because we are not given with information like in option B in the Comprehension paragraph.

                   ………………..

correct phrasing would be: “I am as intelligent as he is himself.*”

Let’s break it down to understand why this is the correct form:

“I am as intelligent as he is.” – This is the main clause of the sentence. It compares the intelligence of the speaker (I) to the intelligence of someone else (he).

 

“himself” – This is a reflexive pronoun. It is used to refer back to the subject of the sentence (he). In this case, it emphasizes that the comparison is about the intelligence of “he” himself.

 

When forming a comparison using pronouns, it is essential to use the correct pronoun case. In this case, we use the subject pronoun “he” rather than the object pronoun “him.” The sentence, therefore, becomes “I am as intelligent as he is.” To emphasize the comparison is about the other person’s own intelligence, we add the reflexive pronoun “himself” at the end, resulting in the correct sentence: “I am as intelligent as he is himself.”

The sentence “The cause of the car accident can have been a malfunctioning brake pads”

“can have been” is not the appropriate verb tense: The correct tense to use here is the past perfect tense, “could have been,” which is used to speculate about a past event that might have happened .

Brake pads are an essential component of a car’s braking system that helps slow down or stop the vehicle by applying friction to the wheels. If the brake pads malfunction, it can lead to various issues like reduced braking efficiency, loss of braking power, or even complete brake failure.

Whenever we are given with PAST COMPLETED ACTION BEFORE AN ANOTHER ACTION TOOK PLACE, then we have to follow ‘” PAST PERFECT TENSE” ……HAD + 3^rd for of verb…….. Here in this question ….. HAD SPOKEN is a past completed action that took place before an action of going on the trip.

Dear students! “No” as initiator in a sentence is ahead followed by a negative ( having not in it) talk. So, keep this thing in mind as in math ……._ _ = + …..same here negative + negative = positive , so we can’t add two negative terms( never ,not) in a single sentence.

That’s why all the options except option B are wrong.

The correct option is:

I exclaimed that it was a nice scenery.

In this sentence “!”  is showing to us that the sentence is an EXCLAMATORY SENRENCE. So while changing  into indirect we will use “ EXCLAIMED” as a reporting verb.

This option A is correct because “exclaimed” is an appropriate reporting verb for expressing a strong or enthusiastic statement. Also, the verb tense is correct; you are reporting a past statement, so “it was” is appropriate.

The antonyms of the word “chaotic” are:

• Orderly
• Organized
• Structured
• Calm
• Harmonious
• Systematic
• Peaceful
• Tranquil
• Coherent
• Methodical

These antonyms represent the opposite of chaos and suggest a state of control, harmony, and stability.

Synonyms of the word “frugality” include:

• Thriftiness
• Economy
• Parsimony
• Prudence
• Thrift
• Frugalness
• Modesty
• Conservatism
• Stinginess
• Simplicity

These words all refer to the practice of being economical, prudent, or sparing in the use of resources, particularly money.

Adept: Someone who is highly skilled or proficient in a particular activity or field.

Abode: A house or home.

Naive: Innocent, inexperienced, gullible, or credulous.

The correct pronoun to use in the sentence “My brother and I met an acquaintance of ours in the shopping mall” is “ours”.

“Ours” is a possessive pronoun that shows that the acquaintance belongs to both the speaker and their brother.

“Ourselves” is a reflexive pronoun that reflects back to the subject of the sentence. It is not appropriate to use in this case because the subject of the sentence (my brother and I) is not the same as the object of the sentence (an acquaintance).

“Our” is a possessive pronoun that is used before a noun to show possession. However, in this case, we need a pronoun that can replace “an acquaintance”. “Ours” can serve that purpose.

Dear students! This mcq is about the “THIRD CONDITIONAL SENTENCE” which is used for situations that did not happen, an unreal pr past situation….. that is used to describe a situation that would have been happened if another action or situation were to take place.  The structure for third conditional sentence is as “ past perfect(had+ 3^rd of verb in “if sentence” and then “then” part of sentence is followed by “ would have  been”

The sentence “he is the black sheep of the class” is a metaphor that compares the person to a black sheep, which is a sheep that is different from the rest of the flock. This metaphor suggests that the person is considered different or deviant from the rest of the class.

Here is a breakdown of the metaphor:

• The person is compared to a black sheep.
• A black sheep is a sheep that is different from the rest of the flock.
• This suggests that the person is considered different or deviant from the rest of the class.

The room needs to be cleaned. (Passive Voice)

 

Explanation:

In the passive voice, the subject of the sentence undergoes the action rather than performing it. The focus is on the receiver of the action rather than the doer. In this case, “the room” is the receiver of the action “to be cleaned”.

 

The active voice version of the sentence would be: “She needs to clean the room.” In this sentence, the subject “She” is the one performing the action of cleaning the room.

“through” is the correct preposition to be used because “through the tunnel” means to enter the turned on one end and emerge out of the other end.

“I waited for the bus, but it had already left.”

 

Now, let’s analyze the sentence type and structure:

Sentence Type: The  sentence is a compound sentence. It consists of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction “but.”

A compound sentence is formed when two independent clauses are connected to express related ideas.

 

Sentence Structure: In the  given sentence, the two independent clauses are: a. “I waited for the bus” (main clause) , “it had already left” (main clause)

 

The conjunction “but” connects these two independent clauses, indicating that there is a contrast or contradiction between waiting for the bus and it having already left.

Gender of nouns in English

In English, nouns are classified into three genders: masculine, feminine, and common.

• Masculine nouns refer to male beings or male-specific items.
• Feminine nouns refer to female beings or female-specific items.
• Common nouns can refer to either male or female beings, or to non-gender-specific items.

The word “bridegroom” is a masculine noun. It refers to a man who is about to get married or who has just gotten married.

Here are some examples of nouns in each gender:

• Masculine: man, boy, father, king, uncle
• Feminine: woman, girl, mother, queen, aunt
• Common: doctor, teacher, friend, parent, cousin

Here is an example of how to use the word “bridegroom” in a sentence:

• The bridegroom was late for the ceremony.

Cowardice is the quality or state of being cowardly or lacking courage. It is not something you can touch, see, hear, taste, or smell. Instead, it represents the abstract idea of fearfulness or timidity in a person’s behavior. Since it is a concept rather than a tangible object, it falls under the category of abstract nouns.

The first element in each term is a number that moves 4 steps forward to obtain the corresponding element of the next term.

But in place of 15, there should be 9 + 4 = 13. The second element is a letter that moves 3 steps forward to obtain the corresponding element of the next term,

i.e. C + 3 = F, F + 3 = I, I + 3 = L, L + 3 = O.

The third element is a letter that moves 1 step backward to obtain the corresponding element of the next term,

i.e. V – 1 = U, U – 1 = T, T – 1 = S, S – 1 = R.

–

A is above B hence A/B

C is above D hence C/D but below E hence E/C/D

D is above A, hence E/C/D/A/B

D bag is in the middle

Given, REMOTE is coded as ROTEME.
Here, the groups of second and third letters; fourth and fifth letters in the word swap their places to give the code.

 

It is mentioned that much of our water resources are wasted due to floods.